11/15/2023 0 Comments Quantum dot absorption spectraFirstly, it incorporates ionizable functional groups that confer water solubility essential for bioanalytical applications. An amphiphilic polymer coating is then applied, serving two purposes. The core–shell assembly as initially prepared is extremely hydrophobic. A semiconductor shell (typically zinc sulfide (ZnS)) surrounds and stabilizes the core, improving both the optical and physical properties of the material. The core is made up of a few hundred to a few thousand atoms of a semiconductor material (cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium telluride (CdTe)). Qdot nanocrystals are nanometer-scale atom clusters comprising a core, shell and surface coating ( Figure 6.6.1). Furthermore, every Qdot nanocrystal can be excited using a single light source (e.g., 405 nm violet diode laser), reducing the need for multiple lasers or laborious alignments and compensations when performing three- or four-color detection assays. Because each type of Qdot nanocrystal is based on the same underlying material (they differ primarily in core size, as described below), the conjugation and assay methods for one color are easily extrapolated to other colors, simplifying protocol development. The emission from Qdot nanocrystals is narrow and symmetrical therefore, overlap with other emission colors is minimal, producing less bleed through into adjacent detection channels and allowing many more colors to be used simultaneously. Multicolor, multiplex assays are a particularly important application of Qdot nanocrystal conjugates. Fixability for follow-up immunofluorescence after in vivo studies.Narrow, symmetrical emission spectra for low interchannel crosstalk.Brilliant colors for simple, single-excitation multicolor analysis.Long-term photostability for live-cell imaging and dynamics studies.Qdot nanocrystal probes represent a truly enabling nanotechnology, offering revolutionary fluorescence performance that includes: Chapter 23-Antifades and Other Tools for Fluorescence Applications.Chapter 22-Probes for Membrane Potential.Chapter 21-Indicators for Na+, K+, Cl– and Miscellaneous Ions.Chapter 19-Indicators for Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Other Metal Ions.Chapter 18-Probes for Reactive Oxygen Species, Including Nitric Oxide.Chapter 17-Probes for Signal Transduction.Chapter 16-Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels.Chapter 15-Assays for Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function.Chapter 14-Fluorescent Tracers of Cell Morphology and Fluid Flow.Chapter 13-Probes for Lipids and Membranes.Chapter 11-Probes for Cytoskeletal Proteins.Chapter 10-Enzyme Substrates and Assays.Chapter 9-Protein Detection and Analysis.Chapter 8-Nucleic Acid Detection and Analysis.Chapter 7-Antibodies, Avidins and Lectins.Chapter 6-Ultrasensitive Detection Technology.Chapter 5-Crosslinking and Photoactivatable Reagents.Chapter 4-Biotin and Hapten Derivatives.Chapter 3-Click Chemistry and other Functional Group Modifications.Chapter 1-Fluorophores and Their Amine-Reactive Derivatives.
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